The word "gehenna" is probably what you are referring to. It means the eternal abode of the lost in the Lake of Fire. Tartaroo (from "tartaros") is also used in the New Testament.
"Sheol" is the word used in the Old Testament.
So there are 4 words in the entire Bible describing Hell (3 in NT and one in OT): Hades, Gehenna, Tartaroo, and Sheol. The total usage of all these words together in the entire Bible is about 90 times.
Sheol was used 64 times in the OT, translated as hell 31 times, grave 30 times, and pit 3 times.
Gehenna is used 12 times in the NT and always translated as "hell." The Greek Hades is used 11 times and translated as hell 10 times and grave 1 time. Tartaroo is used one time and is translated as "hell."
"Hell" is the predominant translation, but there is no equivalent word in Greek or Hebrew:
quote:
I guess we should begin with an understanding of that word. The first thing we need to know is that the English word hell has no equivalent in either the Greek or the Hebrew. Actually the word is a Saxon word, hell or helle. We also find a similar word in the German, Dutch, Danish, and Swedish languages. I always like to have a definition of any word we study, and so turning to my trusty Webster's dictionary of 1828, I found the following among the definitions of hell:
"The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the lower regions, or the grave; called in the Hebrew Sheol, and by the Greek, Hades. Psalm 16. Jon 2."
And that my friends, seems to be the standard definition of the word. Notice that in the definition while we see that hell is a place of the dead, it also says it is a place for "souls after death." So, on one hand, we have the dead residing in hell, but in saying souls reside there, we have the implication of the doctrine of the immortal soul.
The English word "hell" comes from the name of the underworld goddess: Hel, from Norse mythology, who was Loki's daughter, goddess of death and the underworld to which those who did not die in battle were sent.
The "burning" and "fire" you see in the Bible generally refer to "thoroughness." Imagine you are a blacksmith forging a weapon...or even a doctor. You use the fire to thoroughly mold the weapon to your use on one hand, and a doctor, especially in ancient times, would use fire to cleanse.
In the OT, Sheol is used as a figure of speech to describe the depths to which judgment will reach on the people of Israel. (See Deut. 32: 21-25.) (Anyone who knows about Jewish tradition will tell you that figures of speech are common and have great poetic imagery.)
Did Jacob go to hell?
quote:
Genesis 37:35:
35 "... all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son mourning. Thus his father wept for him.
Sheol is translated as "grave" here, even though sometimes it is translated as "hell" elsewhere in the OT. (Remember, 31 times as "hell," 30 times as "grave," and 3 times as "pit." -- even though it's the same Hebrew word!)
So where do we get the word "hades" in the NT?
quote:
What happened was that some 300 years before the Christian era, The Hebrew was translated into the Greek language into what we call the Septuagint, and in making this translation, the translators were not comfortable with leaving well enough alone and leave the Hebrew word Sheol un-translated. No, they had to translate Sheol into the Greek word "Hades." And of the sixty-four instances where Sheol occurs in the Hebrew, it is rendered as Hades in the Greek Septuagint sixty times. The effect of that was, from that time forth, the words became equivalent to one another, and so Sheol became Hades and Hades became Sheol.
But what an injustice to the word of God. If the translators had just left well enough alone, then today, we would only read the word "Sheol," in our Old Testaments, and people would not get Dante's inferno type visions when they see the word Sheol. But, alas we are stuck with the problem, and no amount of teaching on the part of people such as myself is ever going to rectify the situation.
In effect, every time you see the word "hell" in the OT, you can translate it as "grave." It refers to Sheol, or place of the dead, or the unseen; figuratively, it refers to the political, social, moral or spiritual consequences of wickedness in the present world..
quote:
Revelation 20:13-14:
13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.
14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.
Now, if the "sea" gives up its dead, if death and hell deliver up their dead, what is the status of hell? If you believe everyone is resurrected and thus alive, then hell has been emptied.
Further, Jesus visited "hell", which was terminated by his resurrection. This will make more sense if you realize that it means the place where the dead go.
quote:
But anyhow, since those delivered out of death and hell are next judged, and since it is also said that "death and hell" are cast into the lake of fire, what are we to conclude? Are we to conclude that the lake of fire is a symbolic expression for judgment? I would think so. And why? Well, because we are dealing with intangible conditions here -- those conditions being death and Hades, and I would ask, how can you cast intangibles into a literal lake, be it a lake of fire or a lake of water? If that be the case, then casting death and hell into the lake of fire would symbolize their destruction since they have been emptied of their last inhabitant. In other words, casting death and hell into the lake of fire is their judgment.
Now if this not be the case, then we have a new problem. If this lake of fire is to be literal, and if people are judged and thrown into it, then the lake of fire becomes hell, and that cannot be because we have just read that death and hell have been destroyed, and if destroyed, then they no longer exist, and if they no longer exist, then people cannot be in them.
Paul confirms this for us in 1 Corinthians 15:26 when he says:
"The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death."