I will run a thread on each Trading Option to further explain the rules and set up and also have Q & A sessions.
Agriculture is probably going to be the easiest Trade Option to tackle so I will start here and see how we go.
There are effectively three options for Agriculture, a System Ship, a Star Ship and an Ag Station. For the moment Ag Stations are probably outside everyone's budget and Star Ships are really only needed to move crops/goods from one star system to another which may not be very cost effective, so we will start with System Ships.
The first thing to identify as where you want to locate your Ag System Ship. Any planet that produces Agricultural products does not need Ag Ships to supply the basic necessities, and systems that have more than one planet only need another planet in their system that has Agricultural Trade can cheaply supply other planets in the same system.
Ag Ships will be most profitable in systems that do not have local Agriculture, the higher the population the better.
Use the Game Wiki:
http://wiki.rpol.net/?id=77567/The%20Frontier to identify systems or planets where you would like to locate your Ag Ship.